Ilango Arasiyal

philosophy and science
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Bertrund Russel
The king of France is bald. logical ok

KARL POPPER, ALFRED ADLER
THOMAS KUHN
BERTRUND RUSSEL
JAQUES LACAN  hume

It is upto you to be a Lacanian but I am a freudian---- jaques lacan

Logical positivism is not really a doctrine, for example, Carnap wouldn't consider himself a logical positivist or empiricist, but that's what they were labeled as (See Vienna Circle ). Now, as Russell and Frege started out doing mathematics, especially logic, they found themselves trying to establish a true language system, i.e. the Ideal Language. Now, according to, say, Russell, it was that all philosophical problems stem from the problem of language and the ambiguity that it holds. Thus, if you were to shape an ideal language, you could solve all philosophical problems. This however turned out to be quite a difficult thing to do as statements are not all logical. THIS is where meaning/verification comes into play. Logical positivist have three categories: meaningful, meaningless, and nonsensical (nonsense). In short: 1. "No bachelor is a married man" = meaningful as it is logically true (analytic statement) as it is necessarily true; 2., "The present king of France is bald" is meaningless as there can exists such a being as a king of France that could exist to be bald = meaningless due to the validity of the statement, but the statement is logically true; 3. "The bachelor is married" = nonsensical as it impossible, logically. Popper, however does not regard something True only if it logically True, but something is True until it is falsified. This causes many other statements to be True (such as ontological questions/statements). You know enough of Popper to understand how his idea of verification comes into play versus the positivists claim that true statements are only necessary logically true statements - those by definition.

Logical Positivism

Logical Empiricism