ISRO and its future missions.
------------------------------------
The advent of space era
----------------------------
The advent of space era began with the launch of Sputnik-1 in 1957 by the then USSR
(presently Russia). In 1961 Yuri Gagarin of USSR became the first human to fly in outer space.
In 1963 Valentina Tereshkova, a woman cosmonaut was the first woman to fly in space
around the earth.
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin have landed on moon in 1969 and the
decade of 60s was filled with space adventures. India lagged behind and only
in 1975 Indian satelite Aryabhata was launched using the launch vehicle of USSR.
Though belated the progress of India in space was slow but steady. India on its own
has developed her launch vehicles PSLV and GSLV. India has set a world record
in 2017 while launching 104 satellites in a single launch using PSLV C-37. India's
lunar orbiter mission, Chandrayan-1 in 2008 and Mars orbiter mission in 2013
were successful.
The future plans of ISRO are as follows.
Aditya L1 mission to the sun:
------------------------------------
a) The project is approved and the launch is expected to be in 2020.
b) Aditya L1 is not like Chandrayan which is a full fledged orbiter
closely orbiting the moon in a lunar polar orbit as close as 100x100 km.
(periselene 100 km and aposelene 100 km).
3) It is a mission to the sun to observe and study it and placed in a halo orbit
around the Lagrangian point L1 which is 1.5 million km away from the earth.
(The distance between sun and earth is 150 million km).
4) Halo orbit is so advantageous that even during the eclipses the sun's view
will not be interrupted.
5) Aditya L1 has 7 pay loads and VELC (Visible Emission Line Coronagraph)
is the main one.
6) NASA's Parker Solar Probe, a massive project launched in 2018 is
already functioning and compared to this our Aditya L1 is tiny but once
the mission is successful it will be useful to the entire mankind.
7) The purpose is to study the corona, the outer layer of the sun which has a
temperature of about a few million degree Kelvin.This is far far greater
than the surface temperature of the sun which is about 6000 degree Celsius.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
NB: Wherever there is a three body system like Sun-Earth-orbiting satellite
comes, halo orbits will arise. Lagrangian points are the positions in a halo
orbit where the orbiting satellite can maintain its position without being
pulled by the gravitation of the massive bodies.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gaganyaan:
----------------
1) This project with a budget of Rs 10,000 crore was approved by Union cabinet.
2) This would be the first manned space mission by India. (Earlier in 1984,
Rakesh Sharma, an Indian astronaut traveled in space in Soyuz, a spacecraft
launched by USSR).
3) Gaganyaan is expected to be launched in August 2022.
4) Three Indian astronauts will be taken to space by Gaganyaan.
After the astronauts are selected they will be given rigorous training for 1.5 years.
5) GSLV Mark III will launch Gaganyaan.
6) Gaganyaan will be placed in an LEO (Low Earth Orbit) of 300 to 400 km.
It will take 16 minutes to reach the orbit and will stay in space for 5 to 7 days.
7) ISS (International Space Station) is already functioning in space at an altitude
of 408 km for the past 20 years.
8) Orange coloured space suits were prepared by ISRO and displayed at a
space expo held in Bangaluru earlier.
9) The astronauts will conduct experiments on micro gravity in space.
10) After staying for 5 or 7 days in space, Gaganyaan will safely return to
earth and land at Arabian sea near the coast of Gujarath. The return journey
will take 36 hours.
--------------------------------------------------------
Mangalyan-2
-----------------
1) Mangalyan-2, the second Mars Orbiter Mission is proposed by ISRO and
the expected launch would be during 2022-2023.
2) Generally Mangalyan-2 will be an orbiter but whether a lander and rover
will accompany it is not yet known.
3) The project is funded by the union govt in its 2018 budget.
4) Mangalyan-2 will have GSLV Mark III as its launch vehicle.
Mangalyan-1 was launched using PSLV XL C-25 and this is to be remembered here.
(PSLV is less powered when compared to GSLV).
5) The aim of the mission is to have a still closer look at Mars using highly
sophisticated instruments.
6) Stephen Hawking has often told that the humanity should colonize
other planets because our earth is fastly becoming unsuitable to live.
So an investigation of Mars which is the second best planet after earth in our
solar system is necessary. Thus Mangalyan-2 is justified.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shukrayaan (Venus probe mission)
------------------------------------------
1) Venus is the brightest planet in our solar system. It does not have a moon
but has a dense atmosphere. Its surface temperature is about 462 degree Celsius.
Shukrayaan will probe Venus. The necessary budget allocations were already made.
2) Shukrayaan is an orbiter mission.
3) The proposed launch would be in 2023.
4) GSLV Mark III will be the launch vehicle.
5) The final configuration is being studied and after that a full approval
will be sought from the government.
6) The aim of the mission is to study the surface of Venus and its
atmospheric features.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indian Space Station:
------------------------
1) It is proposed to have a separate space station for India alone.
2) However this will be seriously perused only after the success of
Gaganyaan, India's manned mission to space which is scheduled for
August 2022.
3) Our space station will weigh 20 tonne and astronauts may stay there
for a period of 15 to 20 days.
4) It will be placed in an orbit at an altitude of 400 km above earth.
5) The launch may take 5 to 7 years after the success of Gaganyaan.
************************************************************
------------------------------------
The advent of space era
----------------------------
The advent of space era began with the launch of Sputnik-1 in 1957 by the then USSR
(presently Russia). In 1961 Yuri Gagarin of USSR became the first human to fly in outer space.
In 1963 Valentina Tereshkova, a woman cosmonaut was the first woman to fly in space
around the earth.
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin have landed on moon in 1969 and the
decade of 60s was filled with space adventures. India lagged behind and only
in 1975 Indian satelite Aryabhata was launched using the launch vehicle of USSR.
Though belated the progress of India in space was slow but steady. India on its own
has developed her launch vehicles PSLV and GSLV. India has set a world record
in 2017 while launching 104 satellites in a single launch using PSLV C-37. India's
lunar orbiter mission, Chandrayan-1 in 2008 and Mars orbiter mission in 2013
were successful.
The future plans of ISRO are as follows.
Aditya L1 mission to the sun:
------------------------------------
a) The project is approved and the launch is expected to be in 2020.
b) Aditya L1 is not like Chandrayan which is a full fledged orbiter
closely orbiting the moon in a lunar polar orbit as close as 100x100 km.
(periselene 100 km and aposelene 100 km).
3) It is a mission to the sun to observe and study it and placed in a halo orbit
around the Lagrangian point L1 which is 1.5 million km away from the earth.
(The distance between sun and earth is 150 million km).
4) Halo orbit is so advantageous that even during the eclipses the sun's view
will not be interrupted.
5) Aditya L1 has 7 pay loads and VELC (Visible Emission Line Coronagraph)
is the main one.
6) NASA's Parker Solar Probe, a massive project launched in 2018 is
already functioning and compared to this our Aditya L1 is tiny but once
the mission is successful it will be useful to the entire mankind.
7) The purpose is to study the corona, the outer layer of the sun which has a
temperature of about a few million degree Kelvin.This is far far greater
than the surface temperature of the sun which is about 6000 degree Celsius.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
NB: Wherever there is a three body system like Sun-Earth-orbiting satellite
comes, halo orbits will arise. Lagrangian points are the positions in a halo
orbit where the orbiting satellite can maintain its position without being
pulled by the gravitation of the massive bodies.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gaganyaan:
----------------
1) This project with a budget of Rs 10,000 crore was approved by Union cabinet.
2) This would be the first manned space mission by India. (Earlier in 1984,
Rakesh Sharma, an Indian astronaut traveled in space in Soyuz, a spacecraft
launched by USSR).
3) Gaganyaan is expected to be launched in August 2022.
4) Three Indian astronauts will be taken to space by Gaganyaan.
After the astronauts are selected they will be given rigorous training for 1.5 years.
5) GSLV Mark III will launch Gaganyaan.
6) Gaganyaan will be placed in an LEO (Low Earth Orbit) of 300 to 400 km.
It will take 16 minutes to reach the orbit and will stay in space for 5 to 7 days.
7) ISS (International Space Station) is already functioning in space at an altitude
of 408 km for the past 20 years.
8) Orange coloured space suits were prepared by ISRO and displayed at a
space expo held in Bangaluru earlier.
9) The astronauts will conduct experiments on micro gravity in space.
10) After staying for 5 or 7 days in space, Gaganyaan will safely return to
earth and land at Arabian sea near the coast of Gujarath. The return journey
will take 36 hours.
--------------------------------------------------------
Mangalyan-2
-----------------
1) Mangalyan-2, the second Mars Orbiter Mission is proposed by ISRO and
the expected launch would be during 2022-2023.
2) Generally Mangalyan-2 will be an orbiter but whether a lander and rover
will accompany it is not yet known.
3) The project is funded by the union govt in its 2018 budget.
4) Mangalyan-2 will have GSLV Mark III as its launch vehicle.
Mangalyan-1 was launched using PSLV XL C-25 and this is to be remembered here.
(PSLV is less powered when compared to GSLV).
5) The aim of the mission is to have a still closer look at Mars using highly
sophisticated instruments.
6) Stephen Hawking has often told that the humanity should colonize
other planets because our earth is fastly becoming unsuitable to live.
So an investigation of Mars which is the second best planet after earth in our
solar system is necessary. Thus Mangalyan-2 is justified.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shukrayaan (Venus probe mission)
------------------------------------------
1) Venus is the brightest planet in our solar system. It does not have a moon
but has a dense atmosphere. Its surface temperature is about 462 degree Celsius.
Shukrayaan will probe Venus. The necessary budget allocations were already made.
2) Shukrayaan is an orbiter mission.
3) The proposed launch would be in 2023.
4) GSLV Mark III will be the launch vehicle.
5) The final configuration is being studied and after that a full approval
will be sought from the government.
6) The aim of the mission is to study the surface of Venus and its
atmospheric features.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indian Space Station:
------------------------
1) It is proposed to have a separate space station for India alone.
2) However this will be seriously perused only after the success of
Gaganyaan, India's manned mission to space which is scheduled for
August 2022.
3) Our space station will weigh 20 tonne and astronauts may stay there
for a period of 15 to 20 days.
4) It will be placed in an orbit at an altitude of 400 km above earth.
5) The launch may take 5 to 7 years after the success of Gaganyaan.
************************************************************
கருத்துகள் இல்லை:
கருத்துரையிடுக